These are two very intersting beads. Several year ago it was nothing to walk into an antique store and find both beads traded in Africa and beads traded in America. That is not too likely to happen anymore as most beads are now in the hands of collector or in museums. We came down off the east facing slopes of the Cascade Mountains and spotted a tiny antique store near the Yakama Reservation. While we were browsing we found 1/2 strand of these beads hanging in the back. Most certainly we made a quick deal and left with the beads. A year or two after that we listed two of the beads. Within a day or two we received an email from a bead collector stating that she owned the other half of this strand. And, she would sell them to us if we wanted them. Now we have a full strand and a few left over. The beads were traded on the Columbia River plateau sometime between 1854 and about 1880. These are very rare beads in that only a very, very few were made. I have yet to see another of this same bead listed on eBay.